. Individuals are mostly oblivious to the cognitive mechanisms that operate to protect and transform their experiences of negative affect and, as a result, have a tendency to overestimate the length of time their affective reactions to negative events will last. This phenomenon of being unaware of affect-protecting cognitive mechanisms is known as:

A. Emotion-focused Coping

B. Immune Neglect

C. Mindfulness

D. Self-compassion

2. Thriving students tend to perceive negative events as externally caused, changeable, and specific to the situation. In other words, they have what is called a(n):

A. Flexible explanatory style

B. Optimistic explanatory style

C. Pessimistic explanatory style

D. Realistic explanatory style

3. Barbara Frederickson is well-known for her work on which of the following?

A. Broaden-and-Build Theory

B. Flow Theory

C. Theory of Interpersonal Needs

D. Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

4. Victor Frankl, who wrote about the importance of having a sense of purpose in the face of adversity, attributes his beliefs to observations he made while living in a(n):

A. Asylum for the criminally insane

B. Nazi concentration camp

C. Nursing home

D. Orphanage

5. The passion and perseverance needed to follow through on commitments and achieve long-term goals, which may be more predictive of success than cognitive ability, is referred to as:

A. Efficacy

B. Flow

C. Grit

D. PsyCap

6. Ed Diener is best known for his research on:

A. Happiness

B. Immune Neglect

C. Self-compassion

D. Upward Spiraling of Affect

7. In granting forgiveness to someone who has harmed you, it is helpful to genuinely wish the person well, and to desire that he or she go through a positive or healing experience or change, even if it is difficult for you to do so. This fosters which of the following toward that person?

A. Compassion

B. Empathy

C. Grudge-holding

D. Transference

8. Socioemotional Selectivity Theory suggests that as people age their social worlds grow smaller and their sense of time changes from being an unlimited entity to a limited entity. This results in a shift in social goals from being _____________ to being _____________.

A. cognitively-compatible, knowledge-oriented

B. emotion-related, knowledge-oriented

C. emotion-related, cognitively-compatible

D. knowledge-oriented, emotion-related

9. Carol Ryff’s six elements of psychological well-being include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Autonomy

B. Environmental Mastery

C. Self-acceptance

D. Self-compassion

10. A study of lottery winners found that they were no happier than matched controls and found daily activities less enjoyable than the controls. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that humans tend to adapt to positive events by shifting the standards they use to make general life evaluations. This phenomenon is referred to as which of the following?

A. Affective Forecasting

B. Flow

C. Gaslighting

D. Hedonic Treadmill