logic and critical thinking

1. Here is a passage that contains a rhetorical fallacy. Name the fallacy, and in a paragraph, explain why the argument is irrelevant to the point of the passage. Here is your example for this question:

Republican says, “What do you think of our party’s new plan for Medicare?”
Democrat says, “I think it is pretty good, as a matter of fact.”
Republican, “Oh? Why is that?”
Democrat, “Because you Republicans haven’t even offered a plan, that’s why!”             

2. In the example below, identify the presumed cause and the presumed effect. Does the example contain or imply a causal claim, a hypothesis, or an explanation that cannot be tested? If it does fall into one of those categories, tell whether the problem is due to vagueness, circularity, or some other problem of language. Also, tell whether there might be some way to test the situation, if it is possible at all. Here is your example:

Our class instructor has blue eyes, because she had them in a previous incarnation.