In this module, you will explore the concept of algorithms in big data.
For your initial post, review the video The Era of Blind Faith in Big Data Must End (https://www.ted.com/talks/cathy_o_neil_the_era_of_blind_faith_in_big_data_must_end) and address the following:
What did you find most interesting about the video?
Why is it important to maximize the degree to which samples and data used to train or build algorithms are representative of the population?
How can human bias influence data used to test hypotheses?
How does the potential for human influences on data selection and interpretation relate to one of the programmatic themes below? You may want to review the Programmatic Themes document.
Social justice
Ethics
https://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.png00daviehttps://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.pngdavie2024-10-02 16:38:092024-10-02 16:38:09or your initial post, review the video The Era of Blind Faith in Big Data Must End
In this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competencies:
Interpret psychological data using quantitative and qualitative methods
Apply the principles of statistical methods to inform a research problem
Scenario
You work for a market research company that supplies information to non-profit organizations throughout the nation. Your supervisor has asked you to provide an objective description of the data that will provide information regarding how to target different audiences in ways that bring about empathy. This will help your business support non-profit organizations in obtaining donations. You will create a short memorandum that includes graphical representations of your data in order to communicate this information.
https://vimeo.com/872963821/f7e1f32c56
Directions
For this project you will submit a memorandum as a Word file. You will complete your memo using your Soomo writing template and the data set provided in Soomo.
You must address the rubric criteria listed below:
Introduction: Describe the purpose of your memo and the plan to address the scenario in 1 to 3 sentences.
Conclusions: Describe your findings in an executive summary of 4 to 6 sentences. Include the following in your conclusions:
The main points you want to convey to your audience
Rationale for your points in the form of data summaries
Discussion: Your discussion must address the following:
Main Analysis: Describe the summary statistics and frequency distributions, taking into account the scale of measurement for your data. Refer to the graphs you created. Your main analysis section should be about 2 to 5 sentences.
Graph One: Create a graphical representation of the qualitative (nominal and often ordinal) data to support your main analysis. Ensure your graph meets the following criteria: this is where I have the most problems
You include a narrative to introduce your graph into your memo.
Your graph is accurate and objective.
Your graph appropriately represents the data.
You use the appropriate type of graph for the data.
Your graph is labeled appropriately.
Graph Two: Create a graphical representation of the quantitative (interval and/or ratio) data to support your main analysis. Ensure your graph meets the following criteria: this where I have the most problems
You include a narrative to introduce your graph into your memo.
Your graph is accurate and objective.
Your graph appropriately represents the data.
You use the appropriate type of graph for the data.
Your graph is labeled appropriately.
Recommendations: Describe the actions you believe your audience should take in 2 to 5 sentences.
Limitations: Describe the limitations of both your data and your summaries in 1 to 3 sentences.
You may need to take a screenshot of each graph in order to do so.
id
year
class
empathy1
empathy2
empathy2_r
empathy3
empathy4
empathy4_r
empathy5
empathy5_r
empathy6
empathy7
empathy_average
793
2002
1
5
1
5
1
1
5
5
1
1
3
3
1916
2004
3
5
5
1
5
1
5
1
5
5
5
4.428571429
1546
2002
2
3
2
4
5
1
5
1
5
4
4
4.285714286
2336
2004
2
5
1
5
5
1
5
1
5
5
5
5
2345
2004
2
5
1
5
3
5
1
1
5
5
4
4
2246
2002
2
5
1
5
5
1
5
1
5
5
5
5
2396
2004
2
5
1
5
5
1
5
1
5
5
5
5
601
2002
2
5
2
4
4
1
5
1
5
5
5
4.714285714
973
2004
3
3
3
3
5
1
5
2
4
5
4
4.142857143
1546
2004
3
1
1
5
3
3
3
1
5
2
3
3.142857143
174
2002
3
4
2
4
4
2
4
2
4
4
4
4
2203
2002
2
5
5
1
3
5
1
5
1
4
5
2.857142857
2388
2002
2
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
2
5
5
3.571428571
1058
2004
2
4
3
3
4
2
4
2
4
3
4
3.714285714
872
2004
3
5
1
5
4
1
5
2
4
4
4
4.428571429
2225
2002
2
3
4
2
4
3
3
1
5
3
3
3.285714286
815
2002
2
5
1
5
5
4
2
1
5
5
5
4.571428571
1190
2004
2
4
2
4
5
1
5
1
5
5
5
4.714285714
1082
2004
3
5
3
3
4
1
5
2
4
3
4
4
1536
2004
1
1
1
5
5
1
5
2
4
5
5
4.285714286
1393
2004
2
4
3
3
5
4
2
2
4
4
4
3.714285714
506
2002
3
5
5
1
5
1
5
5
1
5
1
3.285714286
370
2002
3
3
4
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
2.571428571
647
2004
3
5
5
1
3
2
4
4
2
5
3
3.285714286
720
2004
2
5
3
3
5
3
3
5
1
3
3
3.285714286
2617
2004
2
4
2
4
3
2
4
2
4
4
4
3.857142857
613
2004
3
4
2
4
5
1
5
1
5
5
4
4.571428571
1163
2002
3
5
1
5
1
4
2
1
5
5
5
4
1168
2002
3
3
1
5
1
2
4
3
3
3
2
3
1422
2004
2
5
2
4
5
1
5
1
5
5
5
4.857142857
2110
2004
3
5
3
3
4
4
2
3
3
3
4
3.428571429
2148
2004
3
3
3
3
5
2
4
1
5
3
5
4
1743
2004
3
5
2
4
4
2
4
2
4
5
4
4.285714286
2406
2004
2
5
2
4
5
1
5
1
5
4
4
4.571428571
2380
2004
3
5
3
3
5
4
2
1
5
5
5
4.285714286
980
2004
3
4
4
2
4
1
5
1
5
5
4
4.142857143
1873
2004
3
5
1
5
5
4
2
4
2
4
4
3.857142857
307
2004
2
3
2
4
5
4
2
1
5
4
4
3.857142857
2340
2004
2
5
1
5
5
1
5
1
5
5
4
4.857142857
747
2002
2
5
1
5
5
5
1
1
5
5
5
4.428571429
1575
2002
3
4
5
1
3
5
1
3
3
5
4
3
1280
2002
2
3
1
5
5
1
5
1
5
5
5
4.714285714
1376
2004
3
5
1
5
5
1
5
1
5
3
5
4.714285714
1020
2002
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1168
2004
2
4
5
1
4
1
5
1
5
5
5
4.142857143
605
2004
3
5
2
4
3
2
4
2
4
4
4
4
2199
2004
3
5
1
5
5
1
5
1
5
5
5
5
1209
2004
3
4
1
5
3
1
5
1
5
5
4
4.428571429
458
2004
2
3
3
3
4
3
3
2
4
4
4
3.5714
https://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.png00daviehttps://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.pngdavie2024-10-02 16:37:262024-10-02 16:37:26Describe the purpose of your memo and the plan to address the scenario in 1 to 3 sentences.
For this discussion, it will be assigned a theorist or theorists according to your last name. Your instructor may reassign you to a different theorist as needed, so check the announcements for any revisions.
In your initial post, you will briefly describe your assigned theorists’ approach to personality psychology. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of this approach and support your claims with research findings. Be sure to consider the validity and reliability of the research support you provide.
If the first letter of your last name is I-P, the theorist to evaluate is Kelly.
https://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.png00daviehttps://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.pngdavie2024-10-02 16:35:482024-10-02 16:35:48Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of this approach and support your claims with research findings.
You work for a market research company that supplies information for political non-profit organizations throughout the nation. A number of your clients are interested in the public perception of policies about sexual orientation.
For this milestone, you will create an action strategy for each research question below and then choose one research question to analyze in more detail for Project Two, due in Module Seven. You will be provided with one Excel file down below Each tab in the Excel file contains a data set with different variables that correspond to one of the research questions. Note: The tab number does not necessarily correspond to the research question number, as identifying the data set that corresponds to each question is part of your task.
Research Questions
Are there differences in the average agreement with gay individuals having the right to marry one another among people who were interviewed in different geographic regions of the United States?
Are there differences in the average feelings of warmth toward liberals among people who were interviewed in different geographic regions of the United States?
Is there a linear relationship between feelings toward liberals and beliefs regarding gay persons’ right to marry one another?
Is there a linear relationship between feelings toward conservatives and beliefs regarding gay persons’ right to marry one another?
Prompt
You will use your webtext writing template to complete this milestone. Use the Excel file provided in your Soomo webtext. Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:
For each research question:
Write a possible corresponding research hypothesis for each research question. Your responses should be about 25 words in length.
Select the appropriate inferential test for each research question. Your responses should be about 25 words in length.
Justify your choice of inferential test for each research question, including how the scales of measurement affect this decision. Your responses should be about 25 to 50 words in length.
For one research question:
Identify the research question you will use to complete Project Two. Your response should be about 25 words in length.
Explain what personal or professional reasons you had for choosing this research question. Your response should be about 75 to 100 words in length.
Explain the social relevance of this topic. Include at least one scholarly source or recent review article that relates to the social relevance of the topic. Your response should be about 75 to 100 words in length.
excel file is below for reference
id
year
contemp
marhomo
948
1988
50
1
919
1988
40
2
416
1988
60
2
1464
1988
60
1
1206
1988
60
1
822
1988
60
2
431
1988
50
4
539
1988
70
1
596
1988
85
1
1130
1988
40
1
854
1988
85
1
1413
1988
60
1
378
1988
85
1
1104
1988
50
2
257
1988
50
2
898
1988
50
2
790
1988
50
3
66
1988
30
1
852
1988
60
1
1152
1988
70
4
91
1988
70
1
1347
1988
40
1
1009
1988
60
1
531
1988
60
2
913
1988
15
4
316
1988
50
1
337
1988
15
2
248
1988
50
1
345
1988
50
2
949
1988
15
1
1440
1988
30
2
826
1988
50
1
768
1988
60
2
1114
1988
50
4
286
1988
40
3
1281
1988
70
2
729
1988
70
1
1314
1988
30
1
1425
1988
60
2
538
1988
40
2
866
1988
85
1
1357
1988
60
2
1441
1988
15
1
730
1988
85
2
144
1988
30
2
1232
1988
60
2
1050
1988
50
1
1162
1988
50
1
717
1988
75
4
1403
1988
50
3
281
1988
60
1
928
1988
70
1
916
1988
70
4
472
1988
85
1
833
1988
50
1
211
1988
50
2
180
1988
30
4
987
1988
60
4
139
1988
60
3
614
1988
50
1
669
1988
50
2
116
1988
50
2
314
1988
50
1
952
1988
85
5
240
1988
50
1
459
1988
40
1
762
1988
50
2
1116
1988
85
1
121
1988
30
1
423
1988
60
1
1390
1988
60
1
95
1988
60
3
196
1988
50
1
846
1988
85
1
1422
1988
60
2
1323
1988
50
1
594
1988
85
1
647
1988
40
1
28
1988
30
2
1056
1988
85
1
885
1988
40
2
847
1988
50
1
844
1988
60
2
1185
1988
85
2
1384
1988
85
1
1133
1988
70
3
312
1988
85
2
1037
1988
70
1
267
1988
30
4
254
1988
50
2
1147
1988
40
1
15
1988
40
1
932
1988
70
1
795
1988
50
1
727
1988
50
1
1443
1988
70
3
214
1988
40
4
848
1988
100
1
122
1988
60
3
1196
1988
60
4
1100
1988
50
4
809
1988
50
2
1458
1988
50
3
37
1988
60
2
1054
1988
50
2
601
1988
50
1
796
1988
30
3
396
1988
75
3
1375
1988
40
1
701
1988
30
2
1040
1988
70
1
643
1988
50
3
937
1988
60
1
757
1988
70
3
315
1988
35
2
665
1988
70
2
1013
1988
70
1
607
1988
60
3
1119
1988
70
1
16
1988
40
1
408
1988
70
4
1337
1988
50
2
1453
1988
60
3
828
1988
40
5
494
1988
70
3
1230
1988
50
2
487
1988
15
1
1111
1988
40
3
433
1988
60
2
445
1988
40
2
1015
1988
70
1
632
1988
70
2
138
1988
70
1
1077
1988
50
1
998
1988
70
3
47
1988
60
2
492
1988
70
1
382
1988
50
4
592
1988
70
4
455
1988
50
5
907
1988
70
2
1421
1988
50
1
1463
1988
85
1
19
1988
60
3
1312
1988
100
2
621
1988
60
1
821
1988
50
1
368
1988
50
1
406
1988
60
5
617
1988
70
1
283
1988
50
1
504
1988
70
4
140
1988
50
3
842
1988
50
1
1164
1988
85
1
543
1988
70
2
1461
1988
40
4
1288
1988
70
2
260
1988
70
2
1264
1988
50
2
364
1988
70
2
1033
1988
50
1
725
1988
50
2
909
1988
15
1
137
1988
60
1
1080
1988
50
4
558
1988
85
1
1003
1988
70
3
302
1988
20
5
1442
1988
60
1
1141
1988
60
2
779
1988
50
1
629
1988
60
1
205
1988
70
2
1308
1988
85
2
972
1988
60
2
1418
1988
50
1
329
1988
50
1
439
1988
70
1
307
1988
85
1
853
1988
60
2
481
1988
50
2
867
1988
60
1
219
1988
60
1
1345
1988
50
1
1021
1988
30
1
17
1988
50
2
512
1988
85
2
1247
1988
50
4
1367
1988
50
1
1010
1988
85
1
759
1988
40
1
1158
1988
70
1
863
1988
15
1
23
1988
50
3
1473
1988
75
1
326
1988
50
1
253
1988
60
1
969
1988
50
1
143
1988
50
3
840
1988
60
1
718
1988
60
1
722
1988
100
1
48
1988
90
4
568
1988
60
2
1028
1988
50
3
1378
1988
70
2
343
1988
70
1
152
1988
40
1
1450
1988
70
1
956
1988
40
4
1368
1988
90
1
1331
1988
60
1
549
1988
60
4
1322
1988
60
2
991
1988
50
1
528
1988
50
4
1120
1988
15
3
1437
1988
30
1
1388
1988
50
3
1055
1988
50
1
158
1988
30
3
207
1988
60
2
352
1988
50
2
1068
1988
30
4
243
1988
50
2
1019
1988
50
2
1376
1988
70
1
1248
1988
40
4
1260
1988
50
5
1038
1988
20
5
963
1988
60
3
689
1988
100
1
226
1988
70
1
1445
1988
60
1
440
1988
50
2
1446
1988
70
3
1173
1988
100
1
200
1988
50
1
1399
1988
40
1
1024
1988
50
1
555
1988
85
3
652
1988
50
4
1031
1988
85
1
666
1988
50
1
101
1988
60
3
1166
1988
85
1
860
1988
60
1
772
1988
50
1
471
1988
70
2
206
1988
70
2
1405
1988
40
1
743
1988
85
1
966
1988
85
1
109
1988
0
2
1078
1988
60
3
1436
1988
70
1
1216
1988
50
1
585
1988
60
1
1062
1988
50
1
1286
1988
50
2
1221
1988
50
1
33
1988
50
5
1349
1988
60
1
100
1988
15
4
218
1988
40
3
1460
1988
70
3
1290
1988
50
2
520
1988
60
3
1107
1988
50
2
1088
1988
70
2
723
1988
85
1
1392
1988
40
3
675
1988
60
2
220
1988
50
1
335
1988
50
1
557
1988
60
4
726
1988
85
1
1410
1988
70
3
1086
1988
70
1
350
1988
50
1
641
1988
50
2
1342
1988
0
1
696
1988
0
4
1093
1988
70
1
1355
1988
50
2
426
1988
75
1
1371
1988
60
3
323
1988
60
4
145
1988
50
2
https://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.png00daviehttps://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.pngdavie2024-10-02 16:32:082024-10-02 16:32:08Are there differences in the average feelings of warmth toward liberals among people who were interviewed in different geographic regions of the United States?
what is the social relevance in researching is there a linear relationship between feelings toward conservatives and beliefs regarding gay persons’ right to marry one another?
https://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.png00daviehttps://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.pngdavie2024-10-02 16:31:292024-10-02 16:31:29what is the social relevance in researching is there a linear relationship between feelings toward conservatives and beliefs regarding gay persons' right to marry one another?
Imagine you work as a research assistant in Washington, DC, at the Department of Justice. The Department of Justice is interested in issues related to race, discrimination, and policing. Your team has been given data and output from chi-square tests, and you are tasked with communicating the findings and possible implications directly to police departments.
In this milestone, you will choose the topic you will use to complete Project Three, due in Module Eight, and create two annotated bibliography entries. Your project requires that you provide background information on the topic you select. For topics and associated articles available to you, see the table in the Project Three Milestone Topics document down below. The purpose of this milestone is to practice evaluating credible sources related to your topic. Note that for each topic, two credible sources have been provided. The audience for each article is different. One article is written for the scientific community, and the other is tailored to a more general audience. This difference will be important when you complete Project Three.
Prompt
Begin by reviewing the three topics presented, as well as the Excel file containing the data and output from chi-square tests that you will use to complete Project Three. You will complete your milestone using your Soomo writing template. The Excel file is provided in Soomo.
For this milestone, you will create two annotated bibliography entries. Review the example provided in your Soomo webtext.
Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:
Select the topic and explain why you selected that topic. Your response should be about 2 to 3 sentences.
Create an annotated bibliography entry for your first article. Your response should be about 8 to 10 sentences that include the following elements:
A description of the main purpose or goal of the article
A description of the approach the authors took in their research
Create an annotated bibliography entry for your second article. Your response should be about 8 to 10 sentences that include the following elements:
A description of the main purpose or goal of the article
A description of the approach the authors took in their research
Describe the difference in communication style of the two articles. Your response should be about 3 to 5 sentences. Consider the following in your response:
Do the articles reach a similar conclusion?
Do the articles present similar information?
Do the articles consider the role of visuals in the same way?
Do the articles present the findings in a convincing way, and is one more effective?
How do the tone and style of the articles compare, and what does that mean for the reader?
PSY 260 Project Three Milestone Topics
Topic
Chi-Square Test and Variable Definition
Note: The variables are also defined in your data set.
Articles for Annotated Bibliography
Police Striking Adults
A two-way chi-square test to evaluate whether race and polhitok are dependent. The survey questions that correspond to these variables are:
● Race: What race do you consider yourself?
● Polhitok: Are there any situations you can imagine in which you would approve of a policeman striking an adult male citizen?
● 10 Things We Know About Race and Policing in the U.S.
● Examining the Racial-Ethnic Continuum and Perceptions of Police Misconduct
Racial Discrimination
A two-way chi-square test to evaluate whether race and racdif1 are dependent. The survey questions that correspond to these variables are:
● Race: What race do you consider yourself?
● Racdif1: On the average, Black people have worse jobs, income, and housing than White people. Do you think these differences are mainly due to discrimination?
● On Views of Race and Inequality,
Blacks and Whites Are Worlds Apart
●
Explanations for Racial Disadvantage
and Racial Advantage: Beliefs About
Both Sides of Inequality in America
1
Topic
Chi-Square Test and Variable Definition
Note: The variables are also defined in your data set.
Articles for Annotated Bibliography
Police Spending
A two-way chi-square test to evaluate whether race and natcrimy are dependent. The survey questions that correspond to these variables are:
● Race: What race do you consider yourself?
● Natcrimy: Are we spending too much, too little, or about the right amount on law enforcement?
● Majority of Public Favors Giving Civilians the Power to Sue Police Officers for Misconduct
● Examining the Racial-Ethnic Continuum and Perceptions of Police Misconduct
.webtext-apa-reference-list>p { font-family: “Times New Roman”, Georgia, serif; line-height: 2.0; margin-bottom: 0; } Annotated BibliographyJohnson, S. B., Arevalo, J., Cates, C. B., Weisleder, A., Dreyer, B. P., & Mendelsohn, A. L. (2016). Perceptions about parental engagement among Hispanic immigrant mothers of first graders from low-income backgrounds. Early Childhood Education Journal, 44, 445-452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-015-0728-z A purpose of the Johnson et al. (2016) study was to better understand the role that parents, particularly Hispanic parents who are immigrants and low income, play in their children’s education. According to the authors, little is known about how this group of parents is involved and the role they think they should play in supporting their children’s education. Participants were recruited from a larger randomized control trial focused on parenting and school readiness. The sample for this study included 92 mothers with a child in the first grade. More than 90% of mothers were Hispanic immigrants. On average, mothers had completed 9.8 years of education. Data was collected using qualitative methods. Mothers were interviewed, and their responses were transcribed and coded into themes to address the research purpose. Findings from this study indicated that mothers emphasized the need to be involved in their children’s learning. In particular, mothers reported involvement in their children’s homework, believing they should provide help in this area. This study builds on prior research in parental involvement in young children’s education and focused on a group of parents who have received less attention in the research in this area. This study also shows how Hispanic immigrant parents with low income are involved in the learning process and that they too value their children’s education and want them to do well. In conclusion, parents want to be involved in their children’s learning, regardless of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic background.
DATA
id
year
race
sex
age
educ
racdif1
polhitok
natcrimy
4
2018
1
2
63
16
1
1
1
10
2018
1
1
55
12
1
1
2
48
2018
1
2
53
18
1
1
2
89
2018
1
1
55
18
1
1
3
105
2018
1
1
56
18
1
1
3
107
2018
1
1
23
12
1
1
1
115
2018
1
1
70
16
1
1
3
139
2018
1
2
38
12
1
1
1
142
2018
1
1
34
17
1
1
1
150
2018
1
2
59
19
1
1
2
252
2018
1
1
37
16
1
1
3
253
2018
1
2
61
14
1
1
1
276
2018
1
1
53
16
1
1
2
304
2018
1
2
52
20
1
1
2
337
2018
1
2
26
16
1
1
1
340
2018
1
2
56
16
1
1
1
392
2018
1
1
28
18
1
1
2
434
2018
3
2
32
16
1
1
2
468
2018
1
1
76
15
1
1
2
476
2018
1
1
70
15
1
1
1
488
2018
1
2
85
12
1
1
1
523
2018
1
1
63
12
1
1
1
542
2018
1
1
71
16
1
1
3
573
2018
1
1
37
20
1
1
2
586
2018
3
2
27
7
1
1
1
727
2018
2
1
48
13
1
1
1
747
2018
1
2
65
16
1
1
1
795
2018
2
1
62
20
1
1
3
804
2018
1
1
40
16
1
1
1
810
2018
1
1
60
13
1
1
1
821
2018
1
2
40
18
1
1
3
840
2018
1
1
78
10
1
1
2
861
2018
2
1
35
16
1
1
2
872
2018
1
2
89
12
1
1
1
941
2018
2
2
54
14
1
1
1
973
2018
1
1
27
12
1
1
2
1090
2018
1
1
30
16
1
1
1
1129
2018
1
1
25
17
1
1
2
1141
2018
1
1
84
16
1
1
2
1145
2018
3
1
28
19
1
1
2
1150
2018
1
1
85
17
1
1
1
1233
2018
1
1
27
14
1
1
2
1260
2018
1
2
37
16
1
1
3
1298
2018
1
2
63
12
1
1
2
1335
2018
1
1
69
18
1
1
2
1500
2018
2
1
63
13
1
1
1
1564
2018
1
2
61
19
1
1
2
1586
2018
1
2
36
12
1
1
1
1657
2018
1
1
47
12
1
1
1
1677
2018
1
2
34
12
1
1
1
1680
2018
1
1
34
15
1
1
1
1703
2018
2
1
57
12
1
1
3
1718
2018
2
1
24
17
1
1
2
1723
2018
1
1
55
15
1
1
1
1735
2018
1
1
74
14
1
1
1
1747
2018
2
1
63
11
1
1
1
1806
2018
1
2
70
17
1
1
1
1898
2018
1
2
54
14
1
1
1
2000
2018
3
2
51
12
1
1
1
2021
2018
1
1
68
14
1
1
2
2080
2018
2
1
26
12
1
1
2
2087
2018
1
1
64
12
1
1
1
2106
2018
1
1
51
14
1
1
1
2116
2018
1
1
68
12
1
1
2
2118
2018
1
2
66
14
1
1
1
2121
2018
2
2
48
14
1
1
1
2132
2018
1
2
22
12
1
1
1
2142
2018
1
2
50
12
1
1
1
2147
2018
1
1
71
12
1
1
2
2266
2018
2
1
84
4
1
1
2
2328
2018
1
1
66
16
1
1
2
2331
2018
1
1
50
14
1
1
https://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.png00daviehttps://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.pngdavie2024-10-02 16:31:072024-10-02 16:31:07Imagine you work as a research assistant in Washington, DC, at the Department of Justice.
In this module, you are exploring ways that we use statistical reasoning and decision making in our everyday lives. Decisions we make in everyday life are all based on probability—but often in an intuitive way. For example, if a family member gets a positive screening for cancer or another disease, this is a probabilistic determination based on the measurement made. Similarly, when police arrest individuals or juries convict them, they do so based on probabilistic determinations (e.g., how likely is it that this evidence would exist if the person were innocent?). Even mundane decisions like when to leave for work to arrive on time are based on probabilistic determinations. You cannot know that leaving at a certain time will mean arriving on time because there are a variety of variables you may fail to consider. However, you can make reasonable inferences based on probability, given the variables about which you are aware (e.g., traffic patterns, risk of accidents, existing construction, etc.). Clearly, statistical decision making inundates our lives whether we are aware of it or not.
First you will watch a TED Talk that discusses real-world contexts in which statistical decision making is crucial and consequential: How Juries Are Fooled by Statistics https://www.ted.com/talks/peter_donnelly_how_juries_are_fooled_by_statistics?language=en. (Note: Pay special attention to the video from 10:47 to end.) As you answer the discussion questions, think about the statistical concepts you learned in this module regarding statistical decision making, such as true and false positives and negatives. You will write about the ways that statistical decision making is involved in many areas of our daily life and demonstrate your understanding of these key concepts related to inferential statistical decision making.
For your initial post, review the video and address the following:
How do the examples given in the video (jury decisions and medical tests) connect to what you learned about statistical decision making related to Type I errors (false positives) and Type II errors (false negatives)? Select either Type I errors or Type II errors, and explain your response.
Which programmatic theme(s) tie in with the examples?
In general, do you think that making Type I or Type II errors is worse?
Do you think the context in which the statistical decision is being made affects which of the errors is worse?
For example, if you think about scientific research into curing cancer, or jury decisions about criminal convictions, or scheduling decisions to get to work on time, do you feel that the negative effects of Type I and Type II errors are similar or different across these contexts?
Given your earlier discussion about the importance of statistical thinking for effective citizenship and what you have learned in the course in general and this module specifically, do you still hold the same view about the importance of statistical thinking for the general population? Why or why not?
if any citations or reference please provide them I would greatly appreciate that
https://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.png00daviehttps://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.pngdavie2024-10-02 16:29:412024-10-02 16:29:41How do the examples given in the video (jury decisions and medical tests) connect to what you learned about statistical decision making related to Type I errors (false positives) and Type II errors (false negatives)?
How does the concept of testing on vulnerable populations apply to any of the following programmatic course themes Self care, Social justice, Emotional Intelligence, Career connections or Ethics
https://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.png00daviehttps://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.pngdavie2024-10-02 16:28:202024-10-02 16:28:20How does the concept of testing on vulnerable populations apply to any of the following programmatic course themes Self care, Social justice, Emotional Intelligence, Career connections or Ethics
In this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competencies:
Interpret psychological data using quantitative and qualitative methods
Apply the principles of statistical methods to inform a research problem
Scenario
You work for a market research company that supplies information for political non-profit organizations throughout the nation. A number of your clients are interested in the public perception around policies about sexual orientation and political opinions and ideologies.
In your milestone assignment, you selected one of the following research topics. You will use your selected research topic and the relevant data set provided in your Soomo webtext to support your analysis. Then you will summarize your analysis in a brief report.
Research Questions
Are there differences in the average agreement with gay individuals having the right to marry one another among people who were interviewed in different geographic regions of the United States?
Are there differences in the average feelings of warmth toward liberals among people who were interviewed in different geographic regions of the United States?
Is there a linear relationship between feelings toward liberals and beliefs regarding gay persons’ right to marry one another?
Is there a linear relationship between feelings toward conservatives and beliefs regarding gay persons’ right to marry one another?
Directions
For this project, you will submit an analysis report summary, which is an APA-style write-up. You will complete your summary using your Soomo writing template and the data set provided in Soomo.
Your first step is to perform the inferential test you selected in your Project Two Milestone using the appropriate data set provided in Soomo. Then you will complete the APA write-up for that inferential test using your Soomo writing template.
To submit your output as part of your Soomo writing template, you can use this resource: Create a picture from cells, a chart, or an object in Excel.
Refer to your exemplar to ensure that you format your write-up appropriately. You must address the following rubric criteria:
Analysis Report Summary
Select and report the inferential statistical test contextualized in the research question.
Provide the alpha value and use it to determine the significance of your test.
Report the results in APA format, including statistic value with degree of freedom, p value, and effect size.
Report the values necessary to interpret the findings and identify the pattern of relationship (for example, slope for regression and means for ANOVA).
Connect the statistical findings back to the research question and conceptual variables.
Propose an actionable item that uses the results of your findings relevant to the research question.
Provide the output from your data analysis (using the Analysis ToolPak) as a screenshot or picture.
Scenario
You are a self-employed clinical psychiatrist. You maintain data regarding treatments and responses for clients you have served, and you use this data for internal improvement processes to ensure that you are delivering informed, evidence-based treatments based both on the literature and the data collected in your own practice. You specialize in treatment of Bipolar I disorder, a condition in which full manic symptomatic presentations are a concern. You have data from patients who refused treatment (control) or opted to receive either psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy. You decide to use the data to determine whether there are significant differences in the number of manic symptoms experienced by patients as a result of treatment. Select and perform the correct test to answer this question.
Response
A one-way between-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to assess the effect of treatment on post-treatment manic symptoms in a sample of patients with bipolar disorder using α = .05. The main effect of treatment was statistically significant, F(2, 42) = 8.728, p = .001, η2 = .294. Post hoc analyses were performed to assess the significant effect of treatment using independent-samples t tests to compare each treatment to the no-treatment control condition. The comparisons revealed that psychotherapy (M = 9.80, SD = 4.09) was significantly more effective in reducing manic symptoms than no treatment (M = 19.80, SD = 5.70), t(28) = 5.52, p < .001. However, the post hoc comparison showed no significant difference between pharmacotherapy (M = 14.20, SD = 8.96) and control, t(28) = 2.04, p = .051. These results show that the number of manic symptoms experienced after receiving psychotherapy was significantly lower than the no-treatment control; however, the number of manic symptoms experienced after receiving pharmacotherapy was not significantly lower than no-treatment control. These findings suggest that recommending psychotherapy for those with Bipolar I disorder would be a best practice for reducing manic symptoms.
Project Two Data Set:
id
year
contemp
marhomo
948
1988
50
1
919
1988
40
2
416
1988
60
2
1464
1988
60
1
1206
1988
60
1
822
1988
60
2
431
1988
50
4
539
1988
70
1
596
1988
85
1
1130
1988
40
1
854
1988
85
1
1413
1988
60
1
378
1988
85
1
1104
1988
50
2
257
1988
50
2
898
1988
50
2
790
1988
50
3
66
1988
30
1
852
1988
60
1
1152
1988
70
4
91
1988
70
1
1347
1988
40
1
1009
1988
60
1
531
1988
60
2
913
1988
15
4
316
1988
50
1
337
1988
15
2
248
1988
50
1
345
1988
50
2
949
1988
15
1
1440
1988
30
2
826
1988
50
1
768
1988
60
2
1114
1988
50
4
286
1988
40
3
1281
1988
70
2
729
1988
70
1
1314
1988
30
1
1425
1988
60
2
538
1988
40
2
866
1988
85
1
1357
1988
60
2
1441
1988
15
1
730
1988
85
2
144
1988
30
2
1232
1988
60
2
1050
1988
50
1
1162
1988
50
1
717
1988
75
4
1403
1988
50
3
281
1988
60
1
928
1988
70
1
916
1988
70
4
472
1988
85
1
833
1988
50
1
211
1988
50
2
180
1988
30
4
987
1988
60
4
139
1988
60
3
614
1988
50
1
669
1988
50
2
116
1988
50
2
314
1988
50
1
952
1988
85
5
240
1988
50
1
459
1988
40
1
762
1988
50
2
1116
1988
85
1
121
1988
30
1
423
1988
60
1
1390
1988
60
1
95
1988
60
3
196
1988
50
1
846
1988
85
1
1422
1988
60
2
1323
1988
50
1
594
1988
85
1
647
1988
40
1
28
1988
30
2
1056
1988
85
1
885
1988
40
2
847
1988
50
1
844
1988
60
2
1185
1988
85
2
1384
1988
85
1
1133
1988
70
3
312
1988
85
2
1037
1988
70
1
267
1988
30
4
254
1988
50
2
1147
1988
40
1
15
1988
40
1
932
1988
70
1
795
1988
50
1
727
1988
50
1
1443
1988
70
3
214
1988
40
4
848
1988
100
1
122
1988
60
3
1196
1988
60
4
1100
1988
50
4
809
1988
50
2
1458
1988
50
3
37
1988
60
2
1054
1988
50
2
601
1988
50
1
796
1988
30
3
396
1988
75
3
1375
1988
40
1
701
1988
30
2
1040
1988
70
1
643
1988
50
3
937
1988
60
1
757
1988
70
3
315
1988
35
2
665
1988
70
2
1013
1988
70
1
607
1988
60
3
1119
1988
70
1
16
1988
40
1
408
1988
70
4
1337
1988
50
2
1453
1988
60
3
828
1988
40
5
494
1988
70
3
1230
1988
50
2
487
1988
15
1
1111
1988
40
3
433
1988
60
2
445
1988
40
2
1015
1988
70
1
632
1988
70
2
138
1988
70
1
1077
1988
50
1
998
1988
70
3
47
1988
60
2
492
1988
70
1
382
1988
50
4
592
1988
70
4
455
1988
50
5
907
1988
70
2
1421
1988
50
1
1463
1988
85
1
19
1988
60
3
1312
1988
100
2
621
1988
60
1
821
1988
50
1
368
1988
50
1
406
1988
60
5
617
1988
70
1
283
1988
50
1
504
1988
70
4
140
1988
50
3
842
1988
50
1
1164
1988
85
1
543
1988
70
2
1461
1988
40
4
1288
1988
70
2
260
1988
70
2
1264
1988
50
2
364
1988
70
2
1033
1988
50
1
725
1988
50
2
909
1988
15
1
137
1988
60
1
1080
1988
50
4
558
1988
85
1
1003
1988
70
3
302
1988
20
5
1442
1988
60
1
1141
1988
60
2
779
1988
50
1
629
1988
60
1
205
1988
70
2
1308
1988
85
2
972
1988
60
2
1418
1988
50
1
329
1988
50
1
439
1988
70
1
307
1988
85
1
853
1988
60
2
481
1988
50
2
867
1988
60
1
219
1988
60
1
1345
1988
50
1
1021
1988
30
1
17
1988
50
2
512
1988
85
2
1247
1988
50
4
1367
1988
50
1
1010
1988
85
1
759
1988
40
1
1158
1988
70
1
863
1988
15
1
23
1988
50
3
1473
1988
75
1
326
1988
50
1
253
1988
60
1
969
1988
50
1
143
1988
50
3
840
1988
60
1
718
1988
60
1
722
1988
100
1
48
1988
90
4
568
1988
60
2
1028
1988
50
3
1378
1988
70
2
343
1988
70
1
152
1988
40
1
1450
1988
70
1
956
1988
40
4
1368
1988
90
1
1331
1988
60
1
549
1988
60
4
1322
1988
60
2
991
1988
50
1
528
1988
50
4
1120
1988
15
3
1437
1988
30
1
1388
1988
50
3
1055
1988
50
1
158
1988
30
3
207
1988
60
2
352
1988
50
2
1068
1988
30
4
243
1988
50
2
1019
1988
50
2
1376
1988
70
1
1248
1988
40
4
1260
1988
50
5
1038
1988
20
5
963
1988
60
3
689
1988
100
1
226
1988
70
1
1445
1988
60
1
440
1988
50
2
1446
1988
70
3
1173
1988
100
1
200
1988
50
1
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1988
40
1
1024
1988
50
1
555
1988
85
3
652
1988
50
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1031
1988
85
1
666
1988
50
1
101
1988
60
3
1166
1988
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1
860
1988
60
1
772
1988
50
1
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1988
70
2
206
1988
70
2
1405
1988
40
1
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1988
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1
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1988
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1
109
1988
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1988
60
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1988
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1
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
15
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
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1988
50
2
https://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.png00daviehttps://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.pngdavie2024-10-02 16:27:572024-10-02 16:27:57Are there differences in the average agreement with gay individuals having the right to marry one another among people who were interviewed in different geographic regions of the United States?
In this module, you will explore how statistics are used in careers that are common for those who earn degrees in psychology. You have learned about the general importance of being able to think statistically throughout the course, but here we will focus on career applications that may be particularly relevant to you and your professional goals. Statistics and statistical thinking are present and required in many professions. Statistics are used to gain valuable insights from data to improve performance and outcomes in many careers. For example, many undergraduates in psychology desire to enter a helping profession (e.g., drug and alcohol counseling, professional counseling, marriage and family therapy, etc.). Of course, all of these professions are required to follow evidence-based practice—which means that data and statistical analysis are required to support therapeutic interventions applied with clients.
For this discussion, read the article What Can You Do With a Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology? from the American Psychological Association (https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/psn/2018/01/bachelors-degree). This discussion will focus on considering how statistics, statistical thinking, or data literacy are important in a career that is common to psychology graduates and that interests you.
For your initial post, address the following:
Identify either your current professional position or a desired position. Consider referring to the provided article for inspiration.
Describe how statistics, statistical thinking, or data literacy is helpful or required for the position you identified.
Explain how you can use the Occupational Outlook Handbook from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics to help you make data-based career decisions.
Search the handbook for the job you identified and explore the results.
Provide examples of statistics regarding jobs that you find most useful (e.g., earnings, projected growth, etc.).
How could statistics, statistical thinking, or data literacy help to address any of the following programmatic course themes in the context of the chosen careers? You may want to review the Programmatic Themes document.
Self-care
Social justice
Emotional intelligence
Career connections
Ethics
If any references or citation can you please provide them I would greatly appreciate it
https://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.png00daviehttps://assignmentshero.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/output-onlinepngtools-7-300x57.pngdavie2024-10-02 16:26:352024-10-02 16:26:35Identify either your current professional position or a desired position. Consider referring to the provided article for inspiration.
